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<!DOCTYPE EAD PUBLIC "-//Society of American Archivists// DTD ead.dtd (Encoded Archival Description (EAD) Version 1.0)//EN" [ <!ENTITY cutspec PUBLIC "-//University of California, Berkeley:: Library//TEXT (CU union table specifications)//EN" "cutspec.sgm"> <!ENTITY hdr-cu-ceda PUBLIC "-//University of California, Berkeley:: College of Environmental Design::Environmental Design Archives// TEXT (eadheader: name and address)//EN" "hdrceda.sgm"> <!ENTITY tp-cu-ceda PUBLIC "-//University of California, Berkeley:: College of Environmental Design::Environmental Design Archives// TEXT (titlepage: name and address)//EN" "tpceda.sgm"> <!ENTITY cedlogo PUBLIC "-//University of California, Berkeley:: College of Environmental Design// NONSGML (College of Environmental Design seal)//EN" NDATA GIF> ]> <?filetitle Farrand (Beatrix Jones) Collection, 1866-1959> <ead> <eadheader audience="internal" langencoding="ISO 639-2" findaidstatus="unverified-full-draft"> <eadid type="SGML catalog">PUBLIC "-//University of California, Berkeley::College of Environmental Design::Environmental Design Archives//TEXT (US::CU-CEDA::1955-2::Beatrix Jones Farrand Collection)//EN" "farrand.sgm"</eadid> <filedesc><titlestmt><titleproper>Beatrix Jones Farrand Collection, <date>1866-1959</date></titleproper> <author>Processed by the Archives Staff; machine-readable finding aid created by Archives Staff and the Electronic Text Unit Staff</author></titlestmt> <publicationstmt>&hdr-cu-ceda; <date>© 2000</date><p>The Regents of California. All rights reserved. </p></publicationstmt> <notestmt> <note> <p> <subject source="othersource" othersource="cdl"> Arts and Humanities--Architecture</subject> <subject source="othersource" othersource="cdl"> History--United States and North American History</subject> </p> </note> </notestmt> </filedesc> <profiledesc><creation>Machine-readable finding aid created by Kelcy Shepherd.<date>April 17, 2000</date></creation> <langusage>Description is in <language>English</language> </langusage></profiledesc> </eadheader><frontmatter> <titlepage><titleproper>Beatrix Jones Farrand Collection, <date>1866-1959</date></titleproper> <num>Collection Number: 1955-2</num> <publisher>Environmental Design Archives <lb><extptr actuate="auto" show="embed" entityref="cedlogo"> <lb>University of California, Berkeley <lb>Berkeley, California</publisher>&tp-cu-ceda; <list type="deflist"><defitem> <label>Processed by: </label> <item>Archives Staff</item></defitem> <defitem><label>Date Completed: </label> <item>March 2000</item></defitem> <defitem><label>Encoded by: </label> <item> Archives Staff</item></defitem> <defitem><label>Funding: </label> <item>Arrangement and description of this collection was funded by the Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning and by a grant from the Getty Foundation.</item></defitem></list> <p>© 1999 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.</p></titlepage></frontmatter> <archdesc langmaterial="en" level="collection "><did> <head>Descriptive Summary</head> <unittitle label="Collection Title">Beatrix Jones Farrand Collection, <unitdate type="inclusive">1866-1959</unitdate> </unittitle> <unitid label="Collection Number">1955-2</unitid> <origination label="Creator"> <persname encodinganalog="100">Farrand, Beatrix Jones, 1872-1959</persname></origination> <physdesc label="Extent">16 cartons, 22 boxes, 1 half box, 6 flat boxes, 5 card file boxes, 20 flat file drawers</physdesc> <repository label="Repository"><corpname>Environmental Design Archives.</corpname><address><addressline>University of California, Berkeley.</addressline><addressline>Berkeley, California.</addressline></address></repository> <abstract label="Abstract">The collection consist of personal and professional papers, records of Farrand's work as a landscape architect, and records relating to the Reef Point Library. </abstract></did> <admininfo><head>Administrative Information</head> <accessrestrict><head>Access</head><p>Collection is open for research.</p></accessrestrict> <userestrict><head>Publication Rights</head> <p>All requests for permission to publish, reproduce, or quote from materials in the collection should be discussed with the Curator.</p></userestrict> <prefercite><head>Preferred Citation</head> <p>[Identification of item], Beatrix Jones Farrand Collection, (1955-2), Environmental Design Archives. University of California, Berkeley. Berkeley, California.</p></prefercite> <acqinfo><head>Acquisition Information</head> <p>The collection was donated by Beatrix Jones Farrand in 1955, as part of the Reef Point Library records.</p></acqinfo> </admininfo> <controlaccess> <head>Access Points</head> <subject encodinganalog="650" source="lcsh"> Landscape architects--Northeastern States.</subject> <subject encodinganalog="650" source="lcsh"> Landscape architecture--Northeastern States.</subject> <subject encodinganalog="650" source="lcsh"> Garden structures.</subject> <subject encodinganalog="650" source="lcsh"> Women landscape architects.</subject> <corpname encodinganalog="710"> Reef Point Gardens Library.</corpname> <corpname encodinganalog="710">Dumbarton Oaks.</corpname> <corpname encodinganalog="710">Princeton University.</corpname> </controlaccess> <bioghist><head>Biography</head> <p>Beatrix Jones Farrand (1872-1959)</p> <p>Beatrix Farrand, the first noted woman landscape architect of her generation, was born in New York City on June 19, 1872. Her father, Frederick Rhinelander Jones, came from a wealthy family of Dutch and English ancestry. Her mother, Mary Cadwalader (Rawle), was a Philadelphia debutante. Beatrix Farrand was, in her words, "the product of five generations of garden lovers." Her grandmother owned one of the first espaliered fruit gardens in Newport, Rhode Island. As a child, Beatrix observed the laying out of the grounds of Reef Point, her parents' summer home at Bar Harbor, Maine. Reef Point was later the site of one of the most ambitious projects of her career.</p> <p>Tutored at home, Farrand frequently traveled abroad with her mother and with her father's sister, the writer Edith Wharton. The novelist aided her niece and sister-in-law financially after the Joneses were divorced (sometime before Beatrix was twelve). Mary Cadwalader Jones acted as a part-time literary agent for Wharton, and managed the New York assembly balls for a number of years. She was a close friend of writer Henry James and often entertained other distinguished writers and artists.</p> <p>As a young adult, Farrand was invited to study horticulture and live for several months at Holm Lea, the estate of Charles Sprague Sargent, near Brookline, Massachusetts. Sargent, the founder and first director of the Arnold Arboretum in Boston, introduced Jones to the principles of landscape design. Although she developed her own philosophy of design, she always followed Sargent's early advice "to make the plan fit the ground and not twist the ground to fit a plan."</p> <p>Furthering her education, Farrand traveled to England a nd continental Europe to study traditional gardens. Her studies with Sargent and her travels through Europe were the extent of Farrand's landscape training. There were no formal schools of landscape architecture prior to 1900, when Harvard opened a program that was limited to men.</p> <p>Farrand returned to New York in 1895 and opened a landscape design office. Within a short time she established a distinguished list of clients and could count among her patrons on Long Island and in Maine Edward Whitney, Willard Straight, and J. P. Morgan. For nearly fifty years, she was consulting landscape architect for Abby Aldrich Rockefeller's garden at Seal Harbor, Maine. In 1899 Farrand joined Frederick Law Olmsted, Charles Eliot, and others in founding the American Society of Landscape Architects.</p> <p>An early influence on Farrand was William Robinson, the English landscape architect and author of The Wild Garden. She also admired the work of the celebrated English landscape gardener Gertrude Jekyll who, like Robinson, advocated the use of wild and native materials. Her lifelong associate, the landscape architect Robert Patterson, later wrote that Farrand's work had a "freedom of scale," "a subtle softness of line and an unobtrusive asymmetry."</p> <p>Farrand's reputation for thoroughness and certainty of approach gained her a wide assortment of private and public landscape commissions. Among her major projects were Dartington Hall, an English estate of more than 2,000 acres, and the Graduate College gardens at Princeton University. At Yale, beginning in 1923, Beatrix Farrand designed the Memorial Quadrangle gardens and, in cooperation with the departments of botany and forestry, established a maintenance program that long remained in effect. She designed the West Rose Garden of the White House for Mrs. Woodrow Wilson, and served as landscape consultant to Vassar College, the University of Chicago, Oberlin College, the California Institute of Technology, and Occidental, among other universities.</p> <p>Dumbarton Oaks, in Washington, D.C., is among Farrand's most acclaimed projects. Working closely with her friend Mildred Bliss, who was herself an imaginative gardener, she transformed what had once been a farm into a unique garden that incorporated characteristics of traditional French, English, and Italian garden designs. Mildred and Robert Woods Bliss, a diplomat, purchased the property in 1920, and the gardens evolved under Farrand's direction over the next twenty years. "Never...did Beatrix Farrand impose on the land an arbitrary concept," wrote Mildred Bliss. "She 'listened' to the light and wind and grade of each area." Of all her designs, only the gardens at Dumbarton Oaks survive essentially unchanged.</p> <p>Keeping a small office in New York, Farrand traveled constantly among assignments in Maine, New York, and Washington, supervising the planting and construction of her garden designs. Over her fifty-year career, Farrand designed approximately 200 gardens. She received many awards, including the Garden Club of America Medal of Achievement (1947) and the New York Botanical Garden Distinguished Service Award (1952).</p> <p>In 1913, Beatrix Jones married Max Farrand, a noted authority on Benjamin Franklin, the author of several books on American constitutional law, and chairman of the Yale University History Department. In 1927 her husband became director of research at the Huntington Library in San Marino, California, but the Farrands made their home principally at Bar Harbor. Beatrix Farrand devoted the last years of her life to Reef Point Gardens, a project she and her husband had begun in the early 1920s. Designed for both scholarly and experimental purposes, Reef Point ultimately included a test garden of native flora, a library (which included the original garden plans of Gertrude Jekyll), and an herbarium. By 1945, the year that Farrand's husband died, the library was regarded as one of the best sources on the history of garden design.</p> <p>In 1955, concerned about the survival of Reef Point Gardens following Bar Harbor's refusal to grant it tax-exempt status, Farrand transferred the contents of her large collection of fine art prints and horticulture books, the herbarium, and her own correspondence to UC Berkeley's Department of Landscape Architecture.</p> <p>Beatrix Farrand died at Bar Harbor in 1959.</p> <p>Sources: <lb>Balmori, Diana; McGuire, Diane Kostial; and McPeck, Eleanor M. "Beatrix Farrand's American Landscapes: Her Gardens and Campuses" (Sagaponack, NY: Sagapress, 1985).</p> <p>Brown, Jane. "Beatrix: The Gardening Life of Beatrix Jones Farrand, 1872-1959" (New York : Viking, 1995).</p> <p>Iovine, Julie V. "The Impeccable Gardener," American Heritage, June-July 1986, pp. 67-77.</p> <p>Salon, Marlene. "Beatrix Jones Farrand: Pioneer in Gilt-Edged Gardens,"Landscape Architecture, Jan. 1977, 69-77</p> </bioghist> <scopecontent><head>Scope and Contents Note</head> <p>Beatrix Jones Farrand donated a large collection of material to U.C. Berkeley's Landscape Department in a series of gifts beginning in 1955. The donation consisted of drawings and papers relating to Farrand's practice as a landscape architect and material she collected for her Reef Point Library. The library contained a large number of books on landscape design, prints of gardens, and the project records of other landscape and garden designers such as English landscape architect Gertrude Jekyll and American garden architect Mary Rutherford Jay. The donation was originally housed in Agriculture Hall except for a few very valuable or delicate books, which were stored at the Bancroft Library. When the Landscape Department and the collection moved to Wurster Hall in 1964 and the became part of the College of Environmental Design (C.E.D.), the Reef Point book collection was added to the C.E.D. Library holdings. Plans, prints, photographs, and correspondence were placed in the C.E.D. Documents Collection (now the Environmental Design Archives). Because the Jekyll and Jay material constituted collections in themselves, they were separated from the Farrand records and treated as their own collections. At some point, probably at the time of the relocation of the Department to Wurster Hall, Farrand's plant samples were given to the Horticulture Collection at the University Herbarium Office.</p> <p>The Farrand collection is arranged in seven series. Personal Papers consists of Farrand's diary, student drawings, records of her travels in Europe, family records, and photographs. Professional Papers contains awards, association memberships, and articles by Farrand. Also included in this series are the lecture notes and glass lantern slides she used in her talks on landscape architecture. Some of the slides are colorized to show urban landscapes with and without Farrand's proposed alterations.</p> <p>The third and fourth series document Farrand's professional career. Office Records is a small series comprised primarily of correspondence. Project Records is the largest series and contains project files, photographs, and drawings. Some of the most well-known projects include Dumbarton Oaks in Washington D.C., Dartington Hall in Devonshire, England, and Princeton University. Farrand documented most of her finished gardens with photographs, and therefore there is a fairly comprehensive collection of project photographs and negatives. Several larger project photographs were entered in exhibits; these are located in the Professional Papers series. In addition to numerous working drawings and planting plans, there are watercolor renderings of some designs.</p> <p>The fifth and sixth series relate to Reef Point, Farrand's estate in Bar Harbor Maine and the research collection housed therein, the Reef Point Library. The Reef Point Records series documents the administration of the house, garden, and library and includes correspondence, planting plans, and acquisition and book lists for the library. There is also a limited amount of correspondence and photographs regarding the transfer and housing of the research collection at the University of California, Berkeley. Research Records is comprised of photographs and prints of gardens, architecture, natural landscapes, gates, and statuary, to name a few. Farrand collected the items on her trips throughout Europe and the United States. The size, medium, and value of the material vary greatly from miniature postcards, to large fine art prints. The final series, Additional Donations, has a small amount of information, primarily on the Black House. This series contains records acquired separately from Farrand's original donation.</p></scopecontent> <dsc type="analyticover"> <head>Series Description</head> <c01 level="series"><did> <unittitle>I. Personal Papers , <unitdate type="inclusive">1872-1947 </unitdate></unittitle> <container>Boxes 1, 2, 20, 30, Flat Files </container></did> <c02 level="subseries"><did> <unittitle>A. Biographical and Family Information </unittitle> </did> <scopecontent> <p>Contains her birth certificate and papers belonging to her mother Mary Cadwalader Jones and her husband Max Farrand.</p></scopecontent> </c02><c02 level="subseries"><did><unittitle>B. Garden Journal , <unitdate type="inclusive">1893-1895</unitdate></unittitle></did> <scopecontent> <p>One bound volume of horticulture and gardening notes entitled, "Book of Gardening."</p></scopecontent> </c02><c02 level="subseries"><did> <unittitle>C. Correspondence </unittitle> </did> <scopecontent> <p>Includes correspondence and clippings related to the 1947 Bar Harbor fire.</p></scopecontent> </c02><c02 level="subseries"><did><unittitle>D. Travel</unittitle> </did> <scopecontent><p>Contains photographs of her shooting trip to Scotland.</p></scopecontent> </c02><c02 level="subseries"><did> <unittitle>E. Clippings</unittitle> </did> </c02><c02 level="subseries"><did> <unittitle>F. Photographs and Portrait </unittitle> </did> <scopecontent> <p>Consists of photographic portraits of Beatrix Farrand, Max Farrand, family members, and Frederick Law Olmsted. Also contains an oil portrait of her painted in 1896, by S. C. Sears.</p></scopecontent> </c02><c02 level="subseries"><did> <unittitle>G. Drawing Exercises </unittitle> </did> <scopecontent> <p>Consists primarily of drawings of geometric forms and classic orders. None of the exercises are signed. Also includes two pencil sketches of the grounds at Harvard by Leonard Bartlett, Jr.</p></scopecontent> </c02></c01><c01 level="series"><did> <unittitle>II. Professional Papers , <unitdate type="inclusive">1910-1959 </unitdate></unittitle> <container>Boxes 2, 3, 22, 23, 28, 31, 33, 35 </container></did> <c02 level="subseries"><did> <unittitle>A. Correspondence </unittitle> </did> <scopecontent> <p>Includes designs for her own monogram and correspondence with H. Leland Vaughn.</p></scopecontent> </c02><c02 level="subseries"><did> <unittitle>B. Writings/Lectures/Exhibits </unittitle> <container>Arranged alphabetically by title when given. </container></did> <scopecontent> <p>Contains a collection of about 30 typed manuscripts that were either presented as lectures or published as articles as well as photographic prints of her work that were included in the Architectural League of New York Exhibit and the A.I.A., Philadelphia Chapter, Exhibit.</p></scopecontent> </c02><c02 level="subseries"><did> <unittitle>C. Glass Lantern Slides </unittitle> </did> <scopecontent> <p>Some of these slides were used with her lectures.</p></scopecontent> </c02><c02 level="subseries"><did> <unittitle>D. Associations and Committees </unittitle> </did> <scopecontent> <p>Records relating to the Bar Harbor Village Improvement Association and the Garden Club of America.</p></scopecontent> </c02><c02 level="subseries"><did> <unittitle>E. Awards </unittitle> </did> <scopecontent> <p>Professional awards and certificates, including three gold prizes, from the Garden Club of America, the Garden Club Federation of Maine, and the Massachusetts Horticulture Society.</p></scopecontent> </c02></c01><c01 level="series"><did> <unittitle>III. Office Records , <unitdate type="inclusive">1909-1932 </unitdate></unittitle> <container>Box 4 </container></did> <scopecontent><p>Contains correspondence, photographs of statuary from an Italian vendor, and notes on projects.</p></scopecontent> </c01><c01 level="series"><did> <unittitle>IV. Project Records , <unitdate type="inclusive">1892-1954 </unitdate></unittitle> <container>Boxes 4-10, 24, 26, 28, 31, 35, 36 </container></did> <scopecontent> <arrangement> <p altrender="italic">Arranged alphabetically by project, within subseries.</p></arrangement> <p>This series comprises the largest portion of the collection and contains project records for 110 commissions, including those related to Dumbarton Oaks, Hamilton College, Harvard University, Mount Desert Island Hospital, Oberlin College, Princeton University, and the White House Rose Garden. This series also contains a large number of Farrand's funerary designs, from entire cemetery plans to individual headstones (including her design for the headstone of President Theodore Roosevelt).</p></scopecontent> <c02 level="subseries"><did> <unittitle>A. Files </unittitle> </did> <scopecontent><p>Project files include plant lists and correspondence.</p></scopecontent> </c02><c02 level="subseries"><did> <unittitle>B. Photographs </unittitle></did> <scopecontent> <p>Includes a large number of small photographs Farrand or her assistant, Anne Baker, took of projects. The Clement Newbold Estate in Jenkintown, Pennsylvania is particularly well documented in large photographs.</p></scopecontent> </c02><c02 level="subseries"><did> <unittitle>C. Drawings </unittitle> </did> <scopecontent> <p>Contains topographic maps, site analyses, site plans, sketch details, perspective sketches, construction drawings, planting plans, and watercolor renderings. Collaborations with the architectural firms of Carrere & Hastings, Delano & Aldrich, Hunt & Chambers, Grosvenor Atterbury, Bertram Grosnevor Goodhue, and Frank W. Ferguson are included. There is also a watercolor of a garden niche at Land's End (later moved to the Mount, Edith Wharton's residence) by Ogden Codman, co-architect with Farrand of The Decoration of Houses.</p></scopecontent> </c02></c01><c01 level="series"><did> <unittitle>V. Reef Point Papers , <unitdate type="inclusive">1890-1956 </unitdate></unittitle> <container>Boxes 10-12, 28, 31 </container></did> <c02 level="subseries"><did> <unittitle>A. Reef Point Library, Maine </unittitle> </did> <scopecontent> <p>Comprised of records relating to the administration of the Reef Point Library and grounds. Includes correspondence, financial records, library catalogs, annual reports, photographs, and plans.</p></scopecontent> </c02><c02 level="subseries"><did> <unittitle>B. Reef Point Library, U.C. Berkeley </unittitle> </did> <scopecontent> <p>Consists of papers regarding the administration of Reef Point, Farrand's Estate in Maine, and its relocation to U.C. Berkeley in 1955.</p></scopecontent> </c02></c01><c01 level="series"><did> <unittitle>VI. Research Records , <unitdate type="inclusive">1910-1939 </unitdate></unittitle> <container>Boxes 12-21, 25-27, 29, 32-34 </container></did> <scopecontent> <p>Because Farrand's personal papers, professional papers, and the material from the Reef Point reference collection had been interfiled prior to the processing of the collection by the Environmental Design Archives, it is difficult to distinguish between material that was organized in these groups. In fact, it is possible that Farrand may not have made clear distinctions between these areas herself. As a result, reference material that may have originally been part of her personal papers, professional files, or the Reef Point Library, but can no longer be separated according to these categories, have been combined in this series, Research Records.</p> <p>This series contains photographs, prints, postcards and other material Farrand collected on her travels and then assembled as a research collection.</p></scopecontent> <c02 level="subseries"><did> <unittitle>A. Purchased Images </unittitle> </did> <scopecontent><arrangement> <p altrender="italic">Arranged by location (country) if given or by type (e.g. architecture, garden, sculpture). Within these distinctions, photographs and prints are separated.</p> </arrangement> <p>Contains prints and photographs of European gardens and garden furniture, and hand-tinted images of American gardens.</p> </scopecontent> </c02><c02 level="subseries"><did> <unittitle>B. Fine Art Etchings </unittitle> </did> <scopecontent> <p>In the fine art horticulture print collection are works by Pannini (e.g., the Villa Lante) and Piranesi (e.g., a part of the Villa d'Este). French prints include those by Rigaud, and Israel Silvestre's views of Versailles. Also included is a series of vues optiques: popular viewing entertainment scenes including depictions of Constantinople, Rome, Spain, Germany, France, and Holland.</p> </scopecontent> </c02><c02 level="subseries"><did> <unittitle>C. Postcards </unittitle> <container>Arranged by location (country) if given or by type (e.g. architecture, garden, sculpture). </container></did> <scopecontent> <p>Document mostly European gardens and American architecture and landscapes.</p></scopecontent> </c02><c02 level="subseries"><did> <unittitle>D. Gravestone Rubbing</unittitle> </did> </c02><c02 level="subseries"><did> <unittitle>E. Clippings and Transcriptions of Articles </unittitle> </did> </c02></c01><c01 level="series"><did> <unittitle>VII. Additional Donations </unittitle> <container>Box 19, Flat Files </container></did> <c02 level="subseries"><did> <unittitle>A. Krall </unittitle> </did> <scopecontent> <p>2 volumes and letters.</p></scopecontent> </c02><c02 level="subseries"><did> <unittitle>B. Santa Barbara Botanic Garden Blueprints </unittitle> </did> </c02><c02 level="subseries"><did> <unittitle>C. Black House, Ellsworth, Maine </unittitle> </did> <scopecontent> <p>Contains photocopies of correspondence. The originals are on file at the Black House Museum.</p></scopecontent> </c02></c01></dsc> <add> <head>Additional Information</head> <relatedmaterial> <head>Related Collections</head> <archref actuate="auto" show="embed"> <unittitle>Beatrix Farrand Library Collection,</unittitle> <repository><corpname>Environmental Design Library</corpname> <address><addressline>UC Berkeley</addressline> <addressline>Berkeley, CA</addressline></address></repository> </archref> <archref actuate="auto" show="embed"> <unittitle>Horticulture Collection,</unittitle> <unitid>(Lot 5453),</unitid> <repository><corpname>University Herbarium Office,</corpname> <address><addressline>UC Berkeley</addressline> <addressline>Berkeley, CA</addressline></address></repository> </archref> <archref actuate="auto" show="embed"> <unittitle>Beatrix Jones Farrand Papers,</unittitle><unitid> (IV A-4 BJF),</unitid> <repository><corpname>Harvard University Arboretum</corpname> <address><addressline>Cambridge, MA</addressline> </address></repository></archref> <archref actuate="auto" show="embed"> <repository><corpname>Dumbarton Oaks Center for Studies in Landscape Architecture</corpname> <address> <addressline>Washington, DC</addressline></address></repository> </archref> <archref actuate="auto" show="embed"> <repository><corpname>Library and Herbarium at the Santa Barbara Botanic Garden</corpname> <address> <addressline>Santa Barbara, CA</addressline></address></repository> </archref> </relatedmaterial> </add> </archdesc></ead>
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